Valorization of Human Urine with Mixed Microalgae Examined through Population Dynamics, Nutrient Removal, and Biogas Content

The majority of nutrients in municipal wastewater originate from urine. However, when flush water is used, the urine diluted and mixed with other organic household waste, losing its high-value stream content. This study investigated effect source-separated human on population dynamics, nutrient removal, growth, biogas content microalgae grown 250 L raceway ponds. Overall, a maximum biomass concentration 1847 mg/L was reached, up to 90% nitrogen 80% phosphorus removal efficiencies, along 254.96 L/kg vs. production. microbial community analysis identified Chlorella sorokiniana (Chlorophyta, Trebouxiophyceae) as species highest abundance, after confirmation four different markers (16S rRNA, 18S 23S tufA). Moreover, principal component applied capture environmental factors culture diversity. abundance increased almost sevenfold exposed open systems compared small-scale carried out 1 Erlenmeyer bottles laboratory conditions, both synthetic media (BBM). In conclusion, present contributes potential valorize by showing high content, reveals that can adapt adverse conditions fostering their